What key change did the 12th Amendment introduce regarding the electoral process?

The 12th Amendment, ratified in 1804, introduced a significant change to the electoral process by establishing separate ballots for the election of President and Vice President. Prior to this amendment, the original process outlined in the Constitution led to the person receiving the most electoral votes becoming President, while the runner-up became Vice President. This system often resulted in a President and Vice President from opposing political parties, which created challenges in governance.

The amendment was a response to the logistical issues and political conflicts that arose in early elections, particularly after the election of 1800, which showcased the flaws of the previous system. By mandating that electors cast distinct votes for President and Vice President, the 12th Amendment clarified the electoral process, ensuring a more cohesive executive branch and reducing the likelihood of partisan conflict between the two highest offices. This separation also facilitated the development of political parties since electors could now align their choices more clearly with party lines, leading to more streamlined and stable governance.