How do presidential debates impact electoral outcomes?

Presidential debates play a crucial role in shaping public perceptions and can significantly influence the opinions of undecided voters. During debates, candidates present their policies, personality, and ability to respond to challenges in real-time, which can directly impact how voters view them. For undecided voters who are still on the fence about their choice, debates provide valuable insights into the candidates' positions, strengths, and weaknesses.

The opportunity for candidates to articulate their visions and engage in direct comparison with their opponents allows voters to make more informed decisions. The impact can be particularly pronounced in closely contested elections, where even small shifts in voter sentiment can result in a change in the overall electoral outcome. Thus, debates serve not only to confirm existing opinions but also as a pivotal point for persuasion, particularly for those who are still deciding whom to support.